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Ranking Officials and Kings Regarded as Sia: Sinling Jyun & Wei Wudi
(from Ho Han Shu and Sanguo Jhih)

       Sinling Jyun was the younger brother of the king of the Wei Kingdom. He was also one of the Four Gentlemen, si jyunzih, of the Warring States Period. These four gentlemen were famous for hosting hundreds and thousands of educated guests, shih, in various specialties.

       In the 20th year of King Anli's reign of the Wei Kingdom, the Cin invaded the Kingdom of Jhao. The king of Jhao's brother, Pingyuan Jyun, turned to Wei for help, but King Anli hesitated. He was worried about the possibility of "punishment" from Cin, if he helped Jhao. So although he sent his General Jin Bi to the frontier, he did not permit him to rescue the Jhao.

       Sinling Jyun intended to help the Jhao. From one of his guests, Hou Ying, Sinling Jyun got the military commander's seal. Hou Ying had avenged the father of the King's beloved concubine Ruji's, so she stole the seal for them. Then Hou Ying introduced a Hercules to Sinling Jyun. The mission, which the Hercules was given, was to kill General Jin Bi, if Jin did not obey Sinling Jyun's orders. Sinlin Jyun successfully rescued the Jhao, but he stayed in Jhao because he had caused many troubles for his own country.

       The king of Jhao rewarded him with five towns, so Sinling Jyun became snobbish. His shih guests warned him never to forget the help coming from other people but to forget what he did for others. Sinling Jyun thanked them and changed his attitude raight away. Although he would spend time with the people whose social class was low, he got more shih guests than Pingyuan Jyun.

       Emperor Wudi of the Wei, the posthumous name of Cao Cao, was infamous for being naughty when he was young. He did many unlawful things including together with Yuan Shao abducting brides. Although he was looked down on by many people, some elders highly regarded him. Syu Shao criticized him by saying, "Cao Cao will be a capable official when in the world is peaceful. If the world is in chaos, he will be a 'hero'." Eventually Cao, using Emperor Siandi of the Han Dynasty as a puppet, commanded the country. His son Cao Jhih subsequently established the Wei Dynasty.

       Many ranking officials and kings (especially those who were founders of a new dynasty) were regarded as sia according to Chinese historical records and folktales. It was very easy for sia to get together because they had similar personalities, and the best one would become the leader.